The Kingdom of Bhutan, almost exactly the same size as Switzerland, lies east of the Indian state of Sikkim and west of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is south of Tibetan region of China and north of the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal. Located in the heart of the high Himalayan mountain range, Bhutan is a land-locked country surrounded by mountains in the north and west.

Altitudes in the south range from 300 to 1370 metres and in the more populated central region range from 120 metres in the east around Trashigang to a high of 5190 metres over the highest pass. The altitude at Paro is approx 2133 metres and in the capital Thimphu 2347 metres.